chore: initial project setup

Phase 0 — full project scaffold with:
- Backend: FastAPI + SQLAlchemy 2.0 async + Alembic + PostgreSQL 16
- Frontend: React 18 + TypeScript + Vite + Tailwind CSS + shadcn/ui
- Docker Compose (prod + dev override with hot-reload)
- Health endpoint, CORS config, API proxy, env template

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/Dockerfile

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+FROM python:3.12-slim AS base
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# System deps for WeasyPrint
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        libpango-1.0-0 \
+        libpangocairo-1.0-0 \
+        libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 \
+        libffi-dev \
+        libcairo2 \
+        libglib2.0-0 && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY . .
+
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

backend/alembic.ini

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+[alembic]
+script_location = alembic
+sqlalchemy.url = driver://user:pass@localhost/dbname
+
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARN
+handlers = console
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARN
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

backend/alembic/env.py

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+import asyncio
+import os
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from alembic import context
+from sqlalchemy import pool
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+config = context.config
+
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+
+def get_database_url() -> str:
+    return os.environ.get(
+        "DATABASE_URL",
+        "postgresql+asyncpg://budget:budget@db:5432/budget_tracker",
+    )
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    url = get_database_url()
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def do_run_migrations(connection):  # noqa: ANN001
+    context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+async def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    connectable = create_async_engine(
+        get_database_url(),
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+    async with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        await connection.run_sync(do_run_migrations)
+    await connectable.dispose()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    asyncio.run(run_migrations_online())

backend/alembic/script.py.mako

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+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

backend/app/config.py

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+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    """Application settings loaded from environment variables."""
+
+    DATABASE_URL: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://budget:budget@db:5432/budget_tracker"
+    SECRET_KEY: str = "change-me-in-production"
+    ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES: int = 15
+    REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_DAYS: int = 7
+    CORS_ORIGINS: list[str] = ["http://localhost:5173"]
+    DEBUG: bool = False
+
+    model_config = {"env_file": ".env", "env_file_encoding": "utf-8"}
+
+
+settings = Settings()

backend/app/database.py

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+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+    AsyncSession,
+    async_sessionmaker,
+    create_async_engine,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
+
+from app.config import settings
+
+engine = create_async_engine(
+    settings.DATABASE_URL,
+    echo=settings.DEBUG,
+    pool_pre_ping=True,
+)
+
+async_session_factory = async_sessionmaker(
+    engine,
+    class_=AsyncSession,
+    expire_on_commit=False,
+)
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+async def get_session() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+    async with async_session_factory() as session:
+        yield session

backend/app/main.py

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+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.database import engine
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(_app: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+    yield
+    await engine.dispose()
+
+
+def create_app() -> FastAPI:
+    app = FastAPI(
+        title="Budget Tracker API",
+        version="0.1.0",
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+    )
+
+    app.add_middleware(
+        CORSMiddleware,
+        allow_origins=settings.CORS_ORIGINS,
+        allow_credentials=True,
+        allow_methods=["*"],
+        allow_headers=["*"],
+    )
+
+    @app.get("/health")
+    async def health_check() -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"status": "ok"}
+
+    return app
+
+
+app = create_app()

backend/pyproject.toml

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+[project]
+name = "budget-tracker-backend"
+version = "0.1.0"
+requires-python = ">=3.12"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py312"
+line-length = 99
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E",    # pycodestyle errors
+    "W",    # pycodestyle warnings
+    "F",    # pyflakes
+    "I",    # isort
+    "N",    # pep8-naming
+    "UP",   # pyupgrade
+    "B",    # flake8-bugbear
+    "SIM",  # flake8-simplify
+    "TCH",  # flake8-type-checking
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["app"]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+asyncio_mode = "auto"
+testpaths = ["tests"]

backend/requirements.txt

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+fastapi==0.115.6
+uvicorn[standard]==0.34.0
+sqlalchemy[asyncio]==2.0.36
+asyncpg==0.30.0
+alembic==1.14.1
+pydantic==2.10.4
+pydantic-settings==2.7.1
+python-jose[cryptography]==3.3.0
+passlib[bcrypt]==1.7.4
+python-multipart==0.0.20
+httpx==0.28.1
+weasyprint==63.1
+pytest==8.3.4
+pytest-asyncio==0.25.0